“Review these and let me know what you think,” the Investigating Officer said as he tossed a brown folder onto my desk. The folder opened to a typed inventory of its contents: “living room shot facing north,” “living room shot facing south,” “bedroom photographs 1-22,” and “close up of door frame, note absence of force.” The inventory gave way to a series of photographs taken at the scene of an unsolved homicide from 1991. After reviewing the folder’s inventory, I flipped through the glossy photos until I reached the images of the victim. Her body was in an advanced state of rigor mortis and lay face down on a bed. She had a series of ligature marks on her neck and wrists and an agonized expression on her face. A comment attached to one of the photographs indicated that a nearby telephone wire had probably strangled the victim. These gruesome images shocked me, and quickly disabused me of the notion that my work would be clinical or detached.
My first week with the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office Homicide team was surprising. From the gravity of the prosecutions the team handled to the consistently friendly demeanor of the lawyers and support staff; my first week was also thrilling. One instance was particularly striking: watching a veteran Deputy District Attorney and talented Defense attorney examine a witness.
Jeff, a Deputy District Attorney assigned to the Homicide team, popped his head into my office and asked if I could help him out for two days on a rape trial he had worked on before he joined the Homicide team. I accepted, grabbed my jacket, and walked with Jeff to the Santa Clara County Superior Court house across the street from our offices. As we walked, Jeff filled me in on the case’s disposition, it had been tried twice before, but appellate courts had reversed both decisions and ordered new trials. This would be the third time Jeff and the Defendant’s attorney had tried this same case. Although, Jeff expressed frustration at having to try the defendant for a third time, he also expressed his respect for the appellate process and his determination to “get this one right.”
Jeff and I arrived in the courtroom, I performed some preliminary administrative tasks, and then Jeff called the State’s first witness: the victim of the alleged rape. For about two hours Jeff asked the victim a series of foundational questions establishing how the victim had come to know the Defendant. After a short morning recess, Jeff began to walk the victim through the alleged rape. At first, Jeff’s questions about the alleged rape appeared somewhat clinical. For instance,
“What were you wearing on the evening of July 17, 2002?”
The witness answered, “[a]n orange blouse and white pants.”
However, as Jeff’s direct examination progressed, his questions grew more probing and the witness appeared increasingly uncomfortable on the stand. At one point, Jeff asked the witness, “What did the defendant say to you when he told you to put a condom on his erect penis?”
The witness answered, “I am not going to catch AIDS behind some bitch.”
After giving her answer, the witness began to sob on the stand. Seeing this, the Defendant’s attorney jumped to his feet and asked the judge for a recess to allow the witness to compose herself. The judge refused the defense’s request, but ordered both Jeff and the defense attorney to approach the bench. I watched as the witness continued to softly sob on the stand in front of the jurors, a small crowd in the gallery, and the Defendant. After two or three minutes, the judge concluded her side bar with counsel and Jeff resumed his questioning. Though it was difficult to watch the witness answer questions through her sobs, I could not help but think that her display of emotion was pure gold for the State’s case.
After a lunch recess, the Defense began its cross-examination of the alleged victim. As I watched the defense attorney walk towards the witness, I tried to imagine myself in his shoes. We had all just witnessed an emotionally powerful direct examination. I thought, if nothing else, the alleged victim’s tears earned the jury’s sympathy, and I could not imagine having to systematically challenge this witness’s credibility. Apparently, the defense attorney did not share my concerns because he immediately began to attack the witness’s direct testimony. Although I do not believe the defense attorney’s cross was effective at discrediting the witness, his ability to represent his client with zeal in an emotionally charged situation was impressive.
Watching Jeff examine a witness was fascinating. He methodically asked foundational question after foundational question, all the while laying a clear factual groundwork for the jury. When he ultimately turned to the events surrounding the actual rape, he appeared to deliberately use disturbing questions to illicit an emotional response from his witness. However, I was also impressed with the defense attorney’s dogged cross-examination. Wading into an emotionally charged situation to ensure that his client had an opportunity to confront the evidence against him, the defense attorney ignored the emotional aspects of the testimony, focusing instead on the task before him: defending his client. Though I have often heard it discussed in law school, watching an emotionally charged trial drove home the wisdom of our adversarial system of justice.
Yesterday, Speaker Pelosi agreed in principle to the Bush Administration’s proposal to allow Detroit’s ailing automakers to draw on a previously approved $25 billion green technology loan to cover their operating costs through March.
It’s pretty clear that both Bush and Pelosi punted on this problem. There is certainly some wisdom in doing that — as the “lamest” presidential duck in a long time– Bush has no political capital. Pelosi — who is deeply committed to green issues — wants to preserve her freedom of action and calculates that President-elect Obama will more sympathetic to accessing TARP or TARP 2 funds* for Detroit. As the New York Times put it:
Yet this political punt – if it goes forward – also exposes a fundamental misconception on the part of policy makers. Why is it up to Washington to craft a “long-term solution to the industry’s troubles”? Why do American tax-payers have to fund government attempts to regulate an industry choked by high over-head and mismanagement?
Consider the British Government’s experience with Leyland. During the 1970s and 1980s, Leyland – a large, union-heavy British car-maker, requested and got the equivalent of $16.5 Billion in government bail-outs. The company dithered on this lifeline for years, ultimately going out of business. In the end, all Leyland’s employees (and they numbered in the 10 of thousands at the end) lost their jobs despite a series of bail-outs.
As I mentioned in a previous post, the only viable solution to “restructuring” these corporations is Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Sure, some people will lose their jobs and that is tragic; but every worker employed by the Big-Three could loose their job if this misguided attempt by the American government goes forward. The problems these companies face are structural, and the only instrument that I am aware of to cure such defects (labor contracts, health care obligations, & entrenched mismanagement) is bankruptcy. Even Rick Wagoner (whose mia culpa before the House Finance Committee on Friday can be found here) recognizes that Detroit’s problems are its self-inflicted wounds. Sympathy and infrastructure jobs for troubled Michiganders: YES; bailing out their delinquent bosses: NO.
Chime in with your comments, I’m interested in getting some different perspectives.
*Last week, Obama threw his support behind a new fiscal stimulus package. This will likely include a modified version of TARP aimed toward helping consumers handle debt.
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